A Brief Note On Texas s Fracking Conflict - 1076 Words

Devon Drew Professor Ronald Burnett Government 2306 3 July 2015 Texas’s Fracking Conflict One of the issues that Texas is currently facing is rooted in a populous industry, fracking. Texas has always been known for being oil and gas friendly, but cities are becoming weary about this industry invading highly populated suburban areas. While local governments have been able to block out drilling and gas wells for some time now, the state has taken a position that is becoming increasingly supportive of the oil and gas industry. To define fracking in latent terms, it’s the process of injecting liquids into rock at high pressures in order to extract oil and gas. The biggest concern looming over this growing industry is the environmental risks that it poses. Everyone wants oil, but no one wants it in their backyard. The cities of Texas are taking the position that fracking has more disadvantages environmentally than it has benefits that outweigh those costs. Not only is clean air in danger, but water sources are vulnerable to this environ mentally-unfriendly commerce. The most common liquid used for fracking is water, and very large amounts of water are consistently required, but where is all of this water coming from? Other concerns that fracking causes such as contamination, â€Å"methane gas and toxic chemicals leach out from the system and contaminate nearby groundwater. Methane concentrations are 17 times higher in drinking-water wells near fracturing sites than in normal wells†

The Fight For Social Justice Essay - 2115 Words

The main purpose of social work is to advocate for those who have no voice. Throughout history, many individuals have served as role models and proponents of social justice, helping to create policies and programs so future generations can benefit. Jane Addams, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Rachel Carson, and Harriet Tubman worked tirelessly and devoted their entire lives to the pursuit of justice. We have learned through their sacrifices that change is just one person away, and that it takes tremendous force to shift the political landscape of social welfare policy. Jane Addams is considered by many to be the first major contributor to the field of social work. After receiving a bachelor’s degree from the Rockford College for Women, she†¦show more content†¦Addams’ concept of a settlement house coincided with the Industrial Revolution, a movement in history where people moved to cities en masse for more job opportunities. The Industrial Revolution brought about a number of issues that Addams sought to rectify, including harsh working conditions for children, poor sanitation, overcrowding, lack of health care, and the systematic practice of placing the poor in â€Å"insane asylums,† as they were called, or institutions. This was also the time when charitable organization societies (COS’s) went into poor neighborhoods as â€Å"friendly visitors† and monitored their conditions (Blau, 2010). There was also a large perception at the time that the poor were responsible for their own plight, and that they should work hard to rise above poverty (Blau, 2010). The perception of the poor as personally responsible for their own situation was derived from Calvinist philosophy and the Elizabethan Poor Laws (Blau, 2010). Both concepts were British traditions that filtered down to the first American colonies, and became the basis for our social welfare system (Blau, 2010). Addams was one of the first individuals to examine the poor from an unbiased perspective, and tended to their needs in a way that did not make them feel accountable or responsible. With the establishment of Hull House, Addams continued to speak out on behalf of the oppressed. Her advocacy activities ranged from speakingShow MoreRelatedThe Fight for Social Justice Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been proven that often, the fight for social justice and the common good comes at a great cost to those involved. Through writings such as Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† and Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone†, as well as, lectures such as Dr.Colbourn’s lecture â€Å"Confronting History and the Good Life: Life after Rosewood† it is demonstrated how life, freedom, and a normal everyday life suffer as a cost of fighting for social justice and the common good. To begin with, Dr. MartinRead MoreHuman Rights And Fights For Social Justice Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced generalist practitioner to conduct research in order to engage in meaningful social work practice. This essentially means that someone who engages in advanced generalist practice is someone who incorporates various theories and methodologies into research and assessment to create a meaningful practice that advances human rights and fights for social justice. Research can mean everything to a social justice issue in terms of expanding knowledge and aiding in helping a particular cause. WithoutRead MoreThe Paradox of Dominate Ideologies in the Fight of Social Justice. 2476 Words   |  10 Pagesare only living together for the summer, until they part their own ways again. The paradox between art and social justice would be that art can be shown to fight for and against social justice. 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Such knowledge enhances social work intervention by empowering the elderly to use their autonomous rights relatedRead MoreCommon Sense, by Thomas Paine and Letter to Any Would-Be Terrorists, by Naomi Shihab Nye1305 Words   |  6 PagesReaching for justice throughout human history has been one of the primordial dreams chased by most humans while at the same time, hunted as a mere fugitive by others in order to satisfy their appalling thirst for injustice. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is at threat to justice everywhere† as stated by Martin lather King, if one doesn’t fight for justice he/she might end up having to face the sad reality of injustice taking over everywhere. In order to not let such a thing take place we need to fight against injusticeRead MoreCritical Race Theory On Racism751 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, it does not seem plausible due to the fact that little progress has been made to reform the societal structures that marginalize people based on their race. Although racism is permanently embedded within the United States, working towards social justice is a necessity because it reassures communities facing marginalization that there is a possibility that the p resence of racism will be less visible in society. In Critical Race Theory, or CRT, it is recognized that racism is lodged into theRead MoreMountains beyond Mountains: Dr. Paul Farmer Essay example1336 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment, no matter their ability to pay. Dr. Farmer makes sacrifices and advocates for the poor throughout his journey, showing the rest of the world how one man can make a difference. Global Social Welfare Haiti is a prime example of how human needs in one area of the world are interdependent with social conditions elsewhere in the world. Haiti, for most of its history has been overwhelmed with economic mismanage and political violence. While in Haiti Dr. Farmer discovers that his patients liveRead MoreSocial Justice Is More than a Definition 1189 Words   |  5 Pagespermanently with just one meaning, Social Justice definition goes beyond what it states. The dictionary’s defines Social Justice as â€Å"the ability people have to realize their potential in the society where they live.† However, Social Justice and what it entails for people who are interested in learning about it, and practicing it would have to dig even deeper to have a better understanding. According to Christopher Merret’s Social Justice: What Is It, Why Teach It? Social Justice â€Å"can be defined in termsRead MoreEssay on Fighting for Equal Rights1724 Words   |  7 PagesJane Addams, Harriet Tubman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rachel Carson were four American women who advocated for social change. Their courage, intelligence, strength and leadership made a positive difference in the lives of many people. These women were pioneers in their times. They either helped to found, or lent their voices to, various social movements, policies, and causes that evolved during their lifetimes and proved successful in helping many oppressed people. Jane Addams is most famous

Dostoevskys Influences Essay Example For Students

Dostoevskys Influences Essay His ideas of the superman figure were likely prevalent preceding Dostoevskys novel, and were still the basis behind Raskolnikovs argument, but his ideas on the subject were actually not published until one year after the publication of Crime and Punishment  A contrast to de Sades relationship between de Sade and Dostoevsky, Raskolnikov shares several similarities with Nietzsche. They are both nihilists for example. They share a will of power as the driving force for their morals.  The idea of the superman correlates to the element of Christianity within Crime and Punishment.  Nietzsche says that the moral system implemented within Christianity is based on self-deception, and therefore leads to guilt, a struggle visibly paralleled by Raskolnikov.  This struggle in religion, between Raskolnikov and Sonya, often occurs in the novel.  The symbol of redemption, the cypress cross, is symbolic of this struggle. Karl Marx  nineteenth century German philosopher  A final prominent influence on Dostoevskys work is through Karl Marx.  Marxist ideas that occur in C P are mainly Utilitarianism.  In Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky presents a situation in which utilitarianistic, ideal goals, set by Raskolnikov as the idea that the world could do without the old woman, when employed, have unwanted results when pushed to the extreme, namely when Rodion kills the old woman. For most characters, the utilitarianistic idea is the characters downfall  When Raskolnikov confesses his crime to Sonya, she cries, What have you done- what have you done to yourself? His response is clear, Did I murder the old woman? I murdered myself, not her!  Raskolnikovs previous resolve to kill the old woman because of the societal benefits backfires when he gives up his Ubermensch idea. Utilitarianism for Svidrigailov ends up turning into nihilism. Even though his motives from the get go are mostly self-interest, he still shows ideas of utilitarianism through his neutral morality, that good and evil are separate, and that all his actions are based on benefit of some kind, that is until he kills himself, although you could probably argue that That was also beneficial.  Sonya- where suicide is an option presented to Raskolnikov as he looks into the river, Sonya represents the path to salvation. Utilitarianism shows itself through her character, because she gives her physical body up for money for her family, which is quite the sacrifice.

Rules of Experimental Designs

An experimental design is a control mechanism accomplished by using a controlled variable. Experimental designs are carried out randomly among a group of subjects chosen for the purpose of the study (Hergenhahn, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rules of Experimental Designs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In experiments, there should be two groups of subjects namely, the experimental group within which the scientist controls the variables, and a control group within which the conditions are left to be as they were before the start of the experiment (Patterson, 1996). Quasi experimental designs are those which occur naturally. The designs seek to find out the impact of a change on a specific aspect of a population. Quasi designs do not have the random quality unlike experimental designs. Ten tomato plants were planted in different containers. They were subjected to the same environmental conditions in which the lighting was the same for all the plants (Gazzaniga, 2010). The only aspect which was altered was the amount of water which was used on the plants. The results were recorded every day for a period of 30 days (Seligman Reichenberg, 2009). In a second experiment which was performed to test the quasi experimental design, 10 tomato plants were selected from two different farms located in two locations of differing climate. Every day, the height of the tomato plants was measured for a period of 30 days. Water supports life in both animals and plants because the aqueous aspect is essential for the functional shape of many of the important cellular molecules including the proteins and lipids which are the building blocks of living matter (Dunne, 1978). Growth takes place when the cells absorb water in the process of osmosis. The intracellular force enlarges the cellulosic membrane that holds the cells (Holbrook, 2010). Water is usually a necessary raw material in the process of photos ynthesis. A plant’s chloroplast forms the basis for conversion of sunlight energy into carbon dioxide and molecules of water.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, water and carbon dioxide are converted into carbohydrate and oxygen (Dunne, 1978). Plants which lack water usually wilt and eventually die. Clay soil can retain water for a longer time than other types of soils; hence plants growing on clay soil would not need to be watered regularly than those growing on sandy soil. Recently germinated plants may require more water as their roots may not have developed fully. Older plants would however require minimum supply of water. The materials required include 10 tomato seedlings, 10 plastic containers, soil, water, 1 measuring cylinder, ruler which is 1 centimeter long and 1 marker. The independent variable is the amount of water used every day with capacities ranging from 25ml, 45ml, 65ml, 85ml and 105ml once or twice a day. The height of the potato stems defines the dependent variable. The control variables are equated to the constant which becomes the environment. Adequate temperature and humidity should be supplied to all the plants. The type of soil and size of container used constitute other constants. All the containers were filled with loam soil. Tomato seeds were then planted in every container. All the pots were labeled accordingly for easy identification according to the various capacities between 25 milliliters to 105milliliters. The containers labeled â€Å"once†, were filled with water only once a day according to the given capacities of the containers. The ones labeled â€Å"twice†, were filled with water two times in a day according to the specified amounts of the containers. Every ten days, the tomato plants were measured to note their heights over the ten day period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sa mple on Rules of Experimental Designs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An average height was calculated. Results showed that plants that were given 45 milliliters of water twice in a day grew faster in height than the ones which were given water of smaller capacity after observations were made on the tenth day. The above results support the hypothesis that the greater the amount of water given to tomato plants, the faster their rate of growth (Covey, 2004).The water gets into the cellular organelles and the cells and they start to increase in size in a process called plasmolysis. Increase in the size of the cells results to increase in the height of the plant hence growth. This fact only applies to an optimum point beyond which any additional water that is added results in a decline in the height of the tomato plants. Two separate groups of families which had a history of domestic violence were studied. The two groups were first teste d to confirm the incidences of domestic violence in their homes before the experiment was started. In the first group, subjects were provided with training on domestic violence. Subjects in the second group were however not subjected to any form of training. At the end of the experiment, the subjects were tested to confirm the number of incidences of domestic violence during a period of one year. After the study, about 840,000 women reported that domestic violence was executed on them by their husbands. Specific interventions were undertaken to address the issue of domestic violence. These interventions were directed on males with the sole objective of deterring them from further violence on their spouses. According to Patterson, very little or no intervention was undertaken on domestic violence perpetrators (Patterson, 1996).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact was mainly due to the issues of privacy as compared to the best interest of the society. In 1874, domestic violence was considered an issue to be dealt with within the respective homes in which it occurred (State versus Oliver, 1874, cited in Rosenfeld, 1992). In later years, however domestic violence has been classified as a criminal offence. Abusers were subjected to either incarceration or rehabilitation depending on the nature of the offense. A quasi experimental design is a type of study which shows the impact of changing a certain aspect, which in turn affects the subjects when such an experiment lacks the characteristic of randomness. To check for the effect of the intervention, there is normally a pre and post-test. Tests are made prior to data collection to assess whether there are confounding elements. The pretest data can be included in an explanation of the actual experimental data (Morgan, 2002). Unlike in the experimental design, in a quasi-experimental desig n, it is not possible to choose which variables will be in the control group and which ones will be in another group. An example of a quasi-experimental design is where a researcher aims at finding out the effect of rewarding farmers for planting trees on their farms. The control will be another farm where farmers are not rewarded. The number of trees in each farm is counted before and after the intervention. The independent variable is the training on domestic violence. The independent variable is the cause of the effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variables are the incidences of domestic violence. The hypothesis states that the training on domestic violence reduces incidences of domestic violence. The particular training causes the individual to control his or her behavior.This fact will have an effect on the number of incidences of domestic violence. Before the beginning of this quasi experiment design, subjects are first evaluated by the number of past incidences of domestic violence. They are then exposed to training on domestic violence. At the end of the experiment, subjects are tested again by recording the number of domestic violence incidents. This study poses some validity challenges. The testing before the experiment may influence the results of the test at the end of the experiment. Two separate groups are studied. In the first group 10 families are selected. In this group, training on domestic violence is administered. However, a second group of 10 families are not subjected to any kind of training at all. Both groups are made up of domestic violence offenders. In this particular case, a quasi-experimental design is required because it is not possible to subject each of the families to the same conditions. The data and findings of this report indicate that the subjects had a history of assaults and were also involved in other criminal activities. They also had addiction problems and substance abuse. Counselors pointed out that at tim es, treatment had to be suspended so that the subjects could be cured of their addictions. Despite the fact that perpetrators of violence at the domestic level were very difficult to deal with, most of them showed significant improvement when subjected to training on domestic violence. Within a period of twelve months after the experiment, 10% of them had assaulted again. This percentage was very low compared to the 31% rate identified by Gazzaniga, (2010) and 32% observed by Patterson, (1996). While this program appears to reduce the rate of domestic violence, it is not possible to distinguish whether it is the training alone which had this effect or because the subjects were cured of substance addiction (Palmer Woolf, 1999). This idea shows that this method of research which is quasi experimental is not very reliable. This method of research has its limitations. Its major limitation is the fact that it does not meet the criteria of random assignment. It is also not possible to inf er the cause and effect. However, in a quasi-experiment, individuals do not need to be grouped as they are naturally pre-grouped (Morgan, 2002). Secondly, it is advantageous in that two groups can be compared to provide accurate results. A quasi experiment has its disadvantages. The risk of two groups not being identical exists. This fact has the effect of distorting the results (Murphy, Dillon, 2011). A second disadvantage is due to the fact that it is not possible to tell whether there are other factors which influence the outcome. In conclusion, I would prefer to use an experimental design because of the random selection of subjects. A quasi experimental design gives the researcher a varied scope of analysis and the likelihood of making an unexpected finding. This design provides uniformity and accuracy of results. However, in certain selected cases, using a quasi-experimental design is the only viable option. References Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Peop le. New York, USA: Free Press A Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc. Dunne, Thomas and Leopold, Luna, Water in Environmental Planning. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA; c1978. Gazzaniga, M. (2010). Psychological Science. New York, USA: W.W. Norton Company. Hergenhahn, B.R. (2005). An introduction to the history of psychology. Belmont, USA: Thomson Wadsworth. Holbrook, N. Michelle. Water balance of plants in plant physiology (Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger editors). Sunderland, United Kingdom: Sinauer Associates. Morgan G. A (2002) Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry: Quasi Experimental Design.Connecticut, USA: Cengage Learning. Murphy, B. C., Dillon, C. (2011). Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural world (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Palmer, S. M., Woolf, R. (1999). Integrative and eclectic counseling and psychotherapy. London, UK: Sage Publications. Patterson, C. H. (1996). Multicultural counseling: From diversity to universality. Journal of Counseling and D evelopment, JCD, 74(3), 227. Seligman, L. W., Reichenberg, L. W. (2009). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: Systems, strategies, and skills (3rd ed.). Boston, USA: Pearson. This essay on Rules of Experimental Designs was written and submitted by user Laylah Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.